المبنى للمعلوم و المبنى للمجهول

المبنى للمعلوم و المبنى للمجهول
Active Voice

[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]

Passive Voice

[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]

(agent performing action has been omitted.)

[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]

Choosing Active Voice

passive (indirect)	active (direct):
[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]

passive (more wordy)	active (more concise)
[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]

Changing passive to active

Passive Voice	Agent	Changed to Active Voice
[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]	most of the class
	agent not specified; most likely agents such as "the researchers"
	the CIA director and his close advisors
	agent not specified; most likely agents such as "we"

Changing active to passive

Active Voice	Agent	Changed to Passive Voice
[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]	The presiding officer
	The leaders
	The scientists

Some suggestions



1. Avoid starting a sentence in active voice and then shifting to passive.

Unnecessary shift in voice	Revised
Many customers in the restaurant found the coffee too bitter to drink, but it was still ordered frequently.	Many customers in the restaurant found the coffee too bitter to drink, but they still ordered it frequently.
He tried to act cool when he slipped in the puddle, but he was still laughed at by the other students.	He tried to act cool when he slipped in the puddle, but the other students still laughed at him.

2. Avoid [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] caused by the use of passive voice. A dangling modifier is a word or phrase that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence.

Dangling modifier with passive voice	Revised
To save time, the paper was written on a computer. (Who was saving time? The paper?)	To save time, Kristin wrote the paper on a computer.
Seeking to lay off workers without taking the blame, consultants were hired to break the bad news. Who was seeking to lay off workers? The consultants?)	Seeking to lay off workers without taking the blame, the CEO hired consultants to break the bad news.

3. Don't trust the grammar-checking programs in word-processing software. Many grammar checkers flag all passive constructions, but you may want to keep some that are flagged. Trust your judgement, or ask another human being for their opinion about which sentence sounds best.