المباشر وغير المباشر

اتحدى جميع المنتديات بهذا الموضوع لأنه لا يوجد إلا هنا علي كلمه


المباشر وغير المباشر




For example:

Direct speechIndirect speech

"I'm going to the cinema", he said.	He said he was going to the cinema.

يجب تغير الأزمنه عند تحويل الجمله من المباشر لغير المباشر


كالآتى

Direct speech Indirect speech

Present simple She said, "It's cold."	›	Past simple She said it was cold.
Present continuous She said, "I'm teaching English online."	›	Past continuous She said she was teaching English online.
Present perfect simple She said, "I've been on the web since 1999."	›	Past perfect simple She said she had been on the web since 1999.
Present perfect continuous She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years."	›	Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching English for seven years.
Past simple She said, "I taught online yesterday."	›	Past perfect She said she had taught online yesterday.
Past continuous She said, "I was teaching earlier."	›	Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching earlier.
Past perfect She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived."	›	Past perfect NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.
Past perfect continuous She said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes."	›	Past perfect continuous NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.

Modal verb forms also sometimes change:

Direct speech Indirect speech

will She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow."	›	would She said she would teach English online tomorrow.
can She said, "I can teach English online."	›	could She said she could teach English online.
must She said, "I must have a computer to teach English online."	›	had to She said she had to have a computer to teach English online.
shall She said, "What shall we learn today?"	›	should She asked what we should learn today.
may She said, "May I open a new browser?"	›	might She asked if she might open a new browser.

Time change


Expressions of time if reported on a different day

this (evening)	›	that (evening)
today	›	yesterday ...
these (days)	›	those (days)
now	›	then
(a week) ago	›	(a week) before
last weekend	›	the weekend before last / the previous weekend
here	›	there
next (week)	›	the following (week)
tomorrow	›	the next/following day

Reporting Verbs

SAID
TOLD
ASKED

We use asked to report questions:-
For example:
I asked Lynne what time the lesson started

We use told with an object.
For example:
Lynne told me she felt tired

We usually use said without an object.

For example:

Lynne said she was going to teach online.
If said is used with an object we must include to

For example:

Lynne said to me that she'd never been to China

There are many other verbs we can use apart from said, told and asked.
These include:-

accused, admitted, advised, alleged, agreed, apologised, begged, boasted, complained, denied, explained, implied, invited, offered, ordered, promised, replied, suggested and thought.

Using them properly can make what you say much more interesting and informative.
For example:
He asked me to come to the party:-

He invited me to the party.

He begged me to come to the party.

He ordered me to come to the party.

He advised me to come to the party.

He suggested I should come to the party.

Use of 'That' in reported speech

In reported speech, the word that is often used.
For example: He told me that he lived in Greenwich.

اتمنى ان اكون قد وفقت فى تناول الموضوع
شكرا ليكم
من مندو إلى منتدى كلمه لعالم الحصريات فى عالم المنتدياتن